Библиотека-ЦАИУ/ September 16, 2024/ News
Dear compatriots!
Dear deputies and members of the government!
I congratulate everyone on the opening of the next session of the Parliament!
This year we have entered a new stage. Our people supported the course of political modernization at the national referendum. The constitutional reform has become an important step towards building a new, just Kazakhstan. Political modernization in our country should now be followed by economic changes.
We are radically changing the relationship between The” Citizen – business – state”. The state, first of all, provides everyone with equal opportunities and establishes justice. Guarantees a high level of service for the good of society. We support socially vulnerable segments of the population. We also help people with disabilities. The Ombudsman under the president is appointed.
The state supports economic freedom. But it protects the population from the effects of market instability. It develops small and medium-sized businesses as much as possible.
Now I will focus on the specific directions of the reforms.
THE FIRST LANDMARK. NEW ECONOMIC POLICY.
We are well aware of the problems that have accumulated in our economy. For example, we still depend on raw materials. Labor productivity is low, innovation is not enough. Not everyone sees the benefits of national income.
Of course, these are all serious problems. But, there are specific ways to solve it.
In particular, this is ensuring macroeconomic stability, diversification and digitalization of the economy. Also, the development of small and medium-sized businesses and human capital, the establishment of the rule of law. Therefore, fresh approaches are definitely needed.
The main goal of our economic policy will not change in any way. Its essence is to increase the welfare of the population in qualitative and inclusive terms.
The main priorities of our new economic course are as follows:
- promotion of private entrepreneurial initiatives, that is, the rejection of state capitalism and excessive state intervention in the economy;
- development of competition, that is, giving everyone the same opportunity;
- also, a fair distribution of national income.
All this requires solving a number of Urgent Important Tasks.
The first. Administrative price regulation reduces the investment attractiveness of entire industries. It also creates a shortage of goods, making the country dependent on imports.
Therefore, it is necessary to gradually abandon state intervention in pricing. Only those markets that do not have a competitive environment will remain the same. Tariffs of monopolists will be strictly controlled. But, control does not mean undue pressure.
Today, it is becoming more and more common for government agencies, including power structures, to start conducting business inspections and demand a reduction in prices and tariffs. It is necessary to stop such actions that are carried out for the sake of profit.
It is important to strike a balance between the need to limit the income of the monopoly and ensuring investment in infrastructure. In the country, two-thirds of electricity supply networks, 57% of heat utilities and almost half of the water supply network are dilapidated. From this you can understand a little.
The forced retention of tariffs will eventually lead to the fact that all of them will be turned off in turn and various catastrophic situations will occur. As a result, there is a threat to the health and life of citizens.
In monopolistic markets, it is necessary to switch to a new tariff policy” exchange of tariffs for investments”. It is necessary to reduce the level of wear of networks and power supplies by at least 15 percent.
The tariff is provided for investments in infrastructure and participation in the state monitoring system for ensuring transparency. The owner must invest a significant part of the investment at his own expense, not at the rate.
It is necessary to develop effective incentive measures for the introduction of innovations. It is also necessary to allow the redistribution of part of the expenses within the framework of the tariff estimate and retain a certain part of the income.
It is necessary to gradually abandon cross-tariff subsidies, that is, the method of raising prices for others in order to maintain prices for one consumer.
Second. For further de-monopolization of the economy, it is necessary to make specific institutional decisions.
The concept of” conglomerate ” should be defined in law.
Interconnected market entities are obliged to obtain permits in order to concentrate their economic potential in one place. All their transactions should be carefully checked, including agreements concluded under the signs of applying prices that are not typical for the market.
The activities of single operators have a negative impact on the development of a market economy. Therefore, it is worth putting this institute in order. Now it is necessary to transfer existing operators to a competitive environment or recognize them as monopolists and regulate their activities within the framework of special antitrust law.
Third. The stable growth of the economy directly depends on the fact that tax policy is carried out in such a way that it is understandable and predictable.
To resume fiscal regulation, a new tax code will be developed in 2023. The most problematic issue of tax administration should be rewritten.
It is also necessary to fully digitize the tax control service so that there is no face-to-face meeting at all during the work.
Another priority is to increase the effectiveness of tax incentives. To do this, it is advisable to switch to differential tax rates in various sectors of the economy. It is necessary to introduce a way to reduce or exempt corporate income tax on the part of profits spent on technological modernization and scientific development.
Special tax regimes should be relaxed to reduce taxpayers ‘ cravings for tax evasion. The issue of preventing the deliberate dismantling of organizations in order to reduce the tax burden should be considered in the new code. In order for trade to develop in accordance with modern requirements, it is necessary to expand the scope of the retail tax, the rate of which is reasonable and the procedures are simple.
As part of the tax reform, it is advisable to introduce a “luxury tax”. This has nothing to do with the middle class, this tax is imposed only when buying super-expensive real estate and a car. Let me dwell separately on the issue of fees paid when buying a car. There are problems with some imported cars from the near abroad. Such vehicles, which remain outside the scope of the law, pose a threat to public safety. It is necessary to take decisive measures to prevent everything that illegal transport brings. It is necessary to resolve the situation with imported cars by September 1 of this year. In order to legalize them, I recommend that everyone receive the same and one-time fee, not exceeding 200-250 thousand Tenge, the amount of funds paid for disposal and initial registration. This is a measure that applies only to vehicles that have not been searched and have passed customs procedures.
The fourth. The effectiveness of tax policy is closely related to the transparency of customs work.
It is important to complete the complete integration of Information Systems in the field of tax and Customs.
The next question. Too many testers. They are known to have a negative impact. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce an approach to customs control integrated into the border. Customs clearance centers should work on the principle of” one window”.
The fifth. We must not forget that it is necessary to” lean towards the blanket”.
The budget policy will be reformed. We must complete the final result. The budget Code establishes marginal standards. It must be followed without fail when planning and executing the budget.
Inefficient spending of funds of the National Fund will be stopped. This is a very urgent problem. We use the funds of the fund to develop the most necessary infrastructure and finance projects of great importance for our country.
It is necessary to simplify budget processes as much as possible. It is necessary to allow state bodies to postpone undeveloped funds for the next year. By doing this, they get rid of the inefficient procedure for returning money to the budget. At the same time, it is necessary to launch a risk management system related to the budget.This system should also cover the quasi-public sector.
We began to transfer tax revenues to the regions themselves. It is necessary to continue this work.
The project” budget with the participation of the population ” is being implemented effectively. It is necessary to expand its scale and involve cities and villages of regional significance in the project. The company itself must determine where at least 10% of the funds of Housing and communal services will be spent. For the effective implementation of these issues, it is necessary to adopt a new budget code.
Sixth. Systematic support for entrepreneurship.
In this work, everything must be arranged from the very beginning. The task has not been completed for two years. Nothing comes of the fact that you keep correcting hundreds or even thousands of legislative documents and instructions over and over again. Instead, it is worth fixing new rules that are more compact and understandable. It is necessary to fully implement such an approach from January 1, 2024.
The next question. When providing financial support, the state pays special attention to representatives of competitive small and medium-sized businesses. Support will be provided to enterprises that have increased the payroll fund and increased tax payments. This is the main requirement.
In addition, an automatic system will be introduced to identify business representatives who will receive assistance from the state. A completely new public procurement system will be created. The focus is not only on low prices, but also on the quality of goods and services.
It is necessary to transfer state and quasi-state procurement to a single platform.
To implement all this, a new law “on public procurement” must be adopted.
Seventh. It is necessary to move to a new model of Public-Private Partnership.
Now many projects have become the herring of some entrepreneurs and officials. Contracts must be concluded on an open and competitive basis. For this purpose, it is necessary to adopt an appropriate law.
Eighth. The shortage of credit resources is a big problem for domestic business.
